The shear strength of soils, including sand, clay, and organic soils, depends on whether the soil is considered drained or undrained. Here’s a breakdown of typical values: 1. Sand (Granular Soils) Drained Shear Strength: Governed by effective stress and friction angle (ϕ′\phi'ϕ′). Sand exhibits high drained shear strength due to frictional resistance. Undrained Shear Strength: Not typically applicable, as sands tend to